The Role of Science.
Archaeological science, also known as archaeometry, consists of the application of Scientific techniques to the analysis of archaeological materials. Archaeometry is now considered its own scientific field and due to advancements in this field throughout the 21st century, scientists are able to perfectly date artefacts as well as digitally reconstruct certain finds. such techniques include:
- radiocarbon dating — use for dating organic materials. This method was used in all three finds over the many years of their in depth analysis (DNA of each body, cloth, clothing, leather, etc). It is also the most commonly used dating method in Archaeology
- dendrochronology — for dating trees; also very important for calibrating radiocarbon dates. as used in the dating of the ice maidens tomb made of logs and timber.
- thermoluminescence dating — for dating inorganic material (mostly sediments).
- optically stimulated luminescence — for absolutely dating and relatively profiling buried land-surfaces in vertical and horizontal stratigraphic sections, most often by measuring photons discharged from grains of quartz within sedimentary bodies (although this technique can also measure feldspars, complications caused by internally induced dose-rates often favor the use of quartz-based analyzes in archaeological applications)
- electron spin resonance — used for dating teeth. This method was used in the dating process of the Siberian Horseman
- potassium-argon dating — dating by association with volcanic sediments.
- DNA analysis programs - Used to reconstruct the Scythian Chieftains body